nkhani

Ntchito ya wonyowetsa madzi ndiyo kupangitsa zinthu zolimba kunyowetsa mosavuta ndi madzi. Mwa kuchepetsa mphamvu yake pamwamba kapena mphamvu ya pakati pa nkhope, madzi amatha kufutukuka pamwamba pa zinthu zolimba kapena kulowa pamwamba, kuti anyowetse zinthu zolimba.

Wonyowetsa ndi chinthu chonyowetsa chomwe chingapangitse zinthu zolimba kunyowetsa mosavuta ndi madzi mwa kuchepetsa mphamvu yake pamwamba. Zinthu zonyowetsa ndi zinthu zonyowetsa, zomwe zimapangidwa ndi magulu okonda madzi ndi okonda lipophilic. Zikakhudzana ndi pamwamba pa chinthu chonyowetsa, gulu la lipophilic limalumikizana ndi pamwamba pa chinthu chonyowetsa, ndipo gulu la hydrophilic limapita kunja kupita kumadzi, kotero kuti madziwo amapanga gawo lopitilira pamwamba pa chinthu chonyowetsa, chomwe ndi mfundo yoyambira yonyowetsa.

Chonyowetsa, chomwe chimadziwikanso kuti penetrant, chingapangitse kuti zinthu zolimba zinyowetsedwe mosavuta ndi madzi. Izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya pamwamba kapena mphamvu ya interfacial, kotero kuti madzi amatha kufutukuka pamwamba pa zinthu zolimba kapena kulowa m'mwamba kuti zinyowetse. Mlingo wa kunyowetsa umayesedwa ndi ngodya yonyowetsa (kapena ngodya yolumikizana). Ngodya yonyowetsa ikakhala yaying'ono, madziwo amanyowetsa bwino pamwamba pa zinthu zolimba. Zinthu zosiyanasiyana zonyowetsa zamadzimadzi ndi zolimba nazonso zimasiyana. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu nsalu, kusindikiza ndi kupaka utoto, kupanga mapepala, kupukuta ndi mafakitale ena. Zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito pokonza latex, ngati chothandizira mankhwala ophera tizilombo komanso chothandizira mercerizing, ndipo nthawi zina ngati emulsifier, dispersant kapena stabilizer. Chonyowetsa chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mumakampani opanga zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi kuwala chimafuna kuyera kwambiri komanso kukonzekera kwapadera.