nkhani

1. Mfundo yaikulu

Pamene utomoni wopangidwa ndi madzi waphimbidwa pamwamba pa substrate, gawo la chonyowetsa limakhala pansi pa chophimbacho, chomwe chimakhudzana ndi pamwamba pake kuti chinyowetsedwe, gawo la lipophilic limamatiridwa pamwamba pa cholimba, ndipo gulu la hydrophilic limafalikira kunja kupita kumadzi. Kulumikizana pakati pa madzi ndi substrate kumakhala kukhudzana pakati pa madzi ndi gulu la hydrophilic la chonyowetsa, kupanga kapangidwe ka sandwich ndi chonyowetsa ngati gawo lapakati. Pangani kukhala kosavuta kufalitsa gawo la madzi, kuti mukwaniritse cholinga chonyowetsa. Gawo lina la chonyowetsa chopangidwa ndi madzi limakhala pamwamba pa madzi, gulu lake la hydrophilic limafikira ku madzi amadzi, ndipo gulu la hydrophobic limawululidwa mumlengalenga kuti lipange gawo limodzi, lomwe limachepetsa kupsinjika kwa pamwamba pa chophimbacho ndikulimbikitsa kunyowetsa bwino kwa chophimbacho. substrate, kuti likwaniritse cholinga chonyowetsa.

2. Chidziwitso china pakugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zonyowetsa madzi

Pakupanga kwenikweni, poganizira mphamvu yonyowetsa ya utomoni, sikuti kukula kwa mphamvu yake yosasunthika pamwamba, komanso kukula kwa mphamvu yosinthasintha pamwamba kuyenera kuganiziridwa, chifukwa popaka utomoni, pansi pa mphamvu, panthawiyi mphamvu yosinthasintha pamwamba imakhala yotsika, kunyowetsa kumakhala bwino. Panthawiyi, mphamvu yonyowetsa imapanga gawo limodzi la monomolecular pamwamba pa chophimbacho, ndiko kuti, kupanga msanga kwa gawo la molekyulu lolunjika, kumakhala koyenera kwambiri kunyowetsa. Mphamvu yonyowetsa yokhala ndi fluorine imachepetsa mphamvu yosasunthika pamwamba, ndipo mphamvu yonyowetsa yochokera ku silicone imatha kuchepetsa mphamvu yosinthasintha pamwamba bwino. Chifukwa chake, pogwiritsira ntchito moyenera, ndikofunikira kwambiri kusankha njira yoyenera yonyowetsa malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili.

3. Udindo wa zinthu zothira madzi

Ntchito ya zinthu zothira madzi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zonyowetsa ndi kufalitsa zinthu kuti zichepetse nthawi ndi mphamvu zomwe zimafunika kuti ntchito yothira madzi ichitike, kukhazikika kwa kufalikira kwa utoto wothira madzi, kusintha mawonekedwe a pamwamba pa tinthu ta utoto, ndikusintha kuyenda kwa tinthu ta utoto. Izi zikuwonetsedwa makamaka m'mbali zotsatirazi:

1. Konzani kuwala kowala ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yolinganiza. Kuwala kwenikweni kumadalira kwambiri kufalikira kwa kuwala pamwamba pa chophimba (ndiko kuti, mulingo winawake wa kusalala. Zachidziwikire, ndikofunikira kudziwa ngati ndi kosalala mokwanira ndi chida choyesera, osati kuchuluka ndi mawonekedwe a tinthu toyambirira, komanso kuphatikiza kwawo. njira), pamene kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kuli kochepera 1/2 ya kuwala kowala (mtengo uwu sudziwika), udzawoneka ngati kuwala kosinthika, ndipo kuwala sikudzawonjezeka. Mofananamo, mphamvu yophimba yomwe imadalira kufalikira kuti ipereke mphamvu yayikulu yophimba sidzawonjezeka (kupatulapo Carbon wakuda imatenga kuwala makamaka, iwalani za utoto wachilengedwe). Dziwani: Kuwala kowala kumatanthauza kuchuluka kwa kuwala kowoneka ndipo kulinganiza sikwabwino; koma samalani ndi kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa tinthu towala, komwe kumachepetsa kukhuthala kwa kapangidwe kake, koma kuwonjezeka kwa pamwamba pake kudzachepetsa kuchuluka kwa ma resini omasuka. Kaya pali malo olinganiza sikwabwino. Koma kawirikawiri, kulinganiza kwa utoto wa ufa sikokwanira momwe zingathere.

2. Pewani kuphuka kwa mtundu woyandama.

3. Konzani mphamvu ya utoto Dziwani kuti mphamvu ya utoto si yayikulu momwe mungathere mu makina odzipangira okha.

4. Chepetsani kukhuthala kwa utoto ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa utoto.

5. Kuchepetsa kugwedezeka kwa madzi kumakhala kotere, koma tinthu tating'onoting'ono tikakhala tating'ono, mphamvu ya pamwamba imakhala yokwera, komanso

Chotulutsira madzi chokhala ndi mphamvu yokwanira yothira madzi chikufunika, koma chotulutsira madzi chokhala ndi mphamvu yothira madzi kwambiri chingayambitse mavuto pa ntchito ya filimu yophikira.

6. Chifukwa chowonjezera kukhazikika kwa malo osungira ndi chofanana ndi chomwe chili pamwambapa. Kukhazikika kwa dispersant kukapanda kukwana, kukhazikika kwa malo osungira kudzaipiraipira (ndithudi, si vuto kuchokera pachithunzi chanu).

7. Wonjezerani kukula kwa mitundu, onjezerani kuchuluka kwa mitundu, onjezerani kuwonekera bwino (ma pigments achilengedwe) kapena mphamvu yobisa (ma pigments osapangidwa).